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10 Principles of the CSS Masters

嘉佑 — Thu, 28 Aug 2008 00:27:10 +0000

When it comes to CSS, there are lots of resources and supposed “expert tips” on the web. These are from unproven, self-proclaimed “gurus” who have no street cred in the design world. While they may have valid points, how is one to know whether a CSS tip is a valid resource or just an untested hack?

Instead of relying on unknown sources for advice, let’s look deeply into designers who have excellent design backgrounds and have walked the walk. These CSS tips are gathered from some of the most respected designers on the planet. They have the portfolios to back their advice up, so you’ll know that each tidbit of advice is of the highest quality.

Below are 10 excellent principles that any web developer or designer can find useful, meaningful, or challenging. Consider this sage advice from journeymen (and women) who have walked the long, hard road of design excellence. These are the true masters of CSS. Drink deep from their knowledge and take their wisdom on your next designing adventure.

1. Keep CSS simple - Peter-Paul Koch

What bothers me most about the mindset of CSS hackers is that they are actively searching for complicated solutions. Seek and ye shall be found, if you want complexity it’ll take you by the throat. It’ll never let go of you, and it won’t help you, either.

Peter-Paul Koch is a godfather of web development. While he’s an old-school developer and the bulk of his web portfolio was between 1998-2002, he’s worked with the likes of Apple and other heavyweights. He’s written a book on javascript, but don’t think for a second he doesn’t have anything to say about CSS.

The danger of CSS hacks

Koch has addressed something that every designer and web developer should follow with zeal: Keep your CSS simple. Simplicity is a hard thing to achieve, especially in CSS design. There are a myriad of CSS hacks that one can find for making all browsers look the same, regardless of version or type. Yet there’s a fundamental flaw with using many CSS hacks. As web browsers evolve, it’s much harder to keep up with the changes.

Koch makes an interesting point about developing for the web. The Internet as as whole is a very unpredictable place, and trying to second-guess the way it will work in the future is a very bad strategy.

The Web is an uncertain place. You’ll never be sure that your Web sites will work in the exact way you want them to work, not even when you apply all modern insights from CSS, accessibility and usability. Instead of seeking false comfort in hacks that seem all the more comfortable because of their complexity, you should accept uncertainty as a basic principle.

Browsers don’t have perfect CSS support; especially for people who’ve just started learning CSS, that can be infuriating. Nonetheless CSS hacks are not the solution. Acceptance of the way the Web currently works is the best way to go because it’ll keep your sites simple.

Peter-Paul has hit on something that rings true for not only CSS, but for web development as a whole. Simplicity is key for efficiency in coding.

2. Keep CSS declarations in one line - Jonathan Snook

Jonathan Snook is an incredibly popular designer from Ottawa, Canada who’s made his name in web standards and design. He’s spoken at prestigious conferences like SXSW and has published quite a few technical resources on design through Sitepoint.

One of Jonathan’s tenants to coding CSS is to keep declarations in one line.

The second one may look prettier but it sure doesn’t help me find anything. When looking for something in a style sheet, the most important thing is the ruleset (that’s the part before the { and } ). I’m looking for an element, an id or a class. Having everything on one line makes scanning the document much quicker as you simply see more on a page. Once I’ve found the ruleset I was looking for, find the property I want is usually straightforward enough as there are rarely that many.

Jonathan goes on to give an example for single line declarations that looks like this:

Good

{font-size:18px; border:1px solid blue; color:#000; background-color:#FFF;}

Bad

h2 {
font-size:18px;
border:1px solid blue;
color:#000;
background-color:#FFF;
}

Not only does this approach help with quickly scanning your CSS, it also helps in keeping your CSS file smaller by removing unneeded spaces and characters.

3. Use CSS shorthand - Roger Johansson

Most people know about and use some shorthand, but many don’t make full use of these space saving properties.

Roger Johansson knows a thing or two about designing for the web. The Swedish web designer has been working on the Internet since 1994, and has a popular web design blog. When it comes to simple and elegant solutions, Roger is one of the most knowledgeable in his field.

Johansson has a very in-depth article on the importance of CSS shorthand, and gives quite a few examples of how to use it while coding CSS. Here’s an example:

Using shorthand for these properties can save a lot of space. For example, to specify different margins for all sides of a box, you could use this: margin-top:1em; margin-right:0; margin-bottom:2em; margin-left:0.5em; But this is much more efficient: margin:1em 0 2em 0.5em; The same syntax is used for the padding property.

While CSS shorthand reduces the size of the stylesheet, it also helps organize and keep the code simple. Beautiful CSS is simple CSS.

4. Allow block elements to fill space naturally - Jonathan Snook

Mr. Snook has another piece of crucial advice that every web developer should live by: allow block elements to fill space organically. If there’s one recurring theme in CSS development, it’s to not force the code to do things it isn’t meant for. This means avoiding CSS hacks and finding the simplest solution possible.

My rule of thumb is, if I set a width, I don’t set margin or padding. Likewise, if I’m setting a margin or padding, I don’t set a width. Dealing with the box model can be such a pain, especially if you’re dealing with percentages. Therefore, I set the width on the containers and then set margin and padding on the elements within them. Everything usually turns out swimmingly.

Jonathan’s rule of thumb is great for ensuring that your layouts won’t break and that the simplest approach is used when creating layouts with block elements.

5. Set a float to clear a float - Trevor Davis

Floating is probably one of the most important things to understand with CSS, but knowing how to clear floats is necessary too.

Trevor Davis may not be as big of a name as Zeldman or Snook in the design world, he surely deserves some mention just based on his excellent portfolio of web layouts. His blog is an excellent resource for any web developer wanting to brush up on his design chops.

Clearing floats

In Trevor’s flagship article The 6 Most Important CSS Techniques You Need To Know, he’s added a nugget that can save many headaches when using columns in your layouts.

I have created a simple page with two floating columns next to each other. You will notice in the example that the grey background does not contain the floating columns. So, the easiest thing to do is to set the containing element to float. But now, you will see that the container background doesn’t contain the content area.

Since the container has margin: 0 auto, we do not want to float it because it will move it to whichever side we float it. So another way to clear the float, is to insert a clearing element. In this case, I just use an empty p set to clear: both. Now, there are other ways to clear a float without markup, but I have noticed some inconsistencies with that technique, so I just sacrifice an empty p.

6. Use negative margins - Dan Cederholm

Sometimes it’s easier to deal with the exception to the rule, rather than add declarations for all other elements around it.

Dan Cederholm’s company SimpleBits is a powerhouse of a design company. Dan’s worked with the likes of:

Google
Blogger
MTV
Fast Company
Inc.com

… and many other high-profile web companies. Fortunately, Dan passes on some of the knowledge he’s learned working with these massive names on his blog at SimpleBits. Here’s a rule of thumb for you web designers and developers: If Dan Cederholm says anything, you listen. Think of him as a digital sherpa, guiding you to the crest of your design mountain.

Negative margins

While it may seem counterintuitive to put a negative in front of any declaration (like margin-left: -5px), it’s actually quite a good idea. Mr. Cedarholm explains that using negative margins on elements are sometimes easier than having to change every other aspect of the design to make it align they way you want.

There are situations when using negative margins on an element can be the easiest way to “nudge” it out from the rest, treating the exception to the rule in order to simplifiy code.

You can see his example of proper negative margin usage here.

7. Use CSS to center layouts - Dan Cederholm

“How do I center a fixed-width layout using CSS?” For those that know, it’s simple. For those that don’t, finding the two necessary rules to complete the job can be frustrating.

It’s no surprise that Dan is going to make this list twice. Centered layouts are on the surface a very simple idea, but for some reason they don’t always work as easily as advertised. Centering layouts with CSS can be a frustrating endeavor for a beginner if they’ve never tried it before.

Dan’s got a tried-and-true method that he uses frequently to achieve centered-layout nirvana.

#container { margin: 0 auto; width: xxxpx; text-align: left; }

Many modern designs rely on centered layouts, so using this method will at some point come in handy for web developers and designers.

8. Use the right DOCTYPE - Jeffrey Zeldman

You’ve written valid XHTML and CSS. You’ve used the W3C standard Document Object Model (DOM) to manipulate dynamic page elements. Yet, in browsers designed to support these very standards, your site is failing. A faulty DOCTYPE is likely to blame.

Jeffrey Zeldman is one of the co-founders of the excellent resource site A List Apart, co-founded and ran The Web Standards Project, runs the Happy Cog design studio, and even wrote the book on designing for web standards. In short, Zeldman is in the upper-echelon of web designers.

DOCTYPE misunderstanding

The DOCTYPE of a web page is one of the most overlooked aspects of design. Using the right DOCTYPE is crucial, and Zeldman explains why.

Using an incomplete or outdated DOCTYPE-or no DOCTYPE at all-throws these same browsers into “Quirks” mode, where the browser assumes you’ve written old-fashioned, invalid markup and code per the depressing industry norms of the late 1990s.

Zeldman stresses the importance of a) actually using a DOCTYPE, and points out that you have to add an url in the declaration like so:

If you’re finding unexplained problems with your layouts, odds are the DOCTYPE could be the problem.

9. Center Items with CSS - Wolfgang Bartelme

Centering items is a frequent task when designing websites. But for people that are new to CSS it’s mostly kind of enigma how to center for example a whole website in browsers other than IE.

Wolfgang Bartelme is a web designer with Bartelme design, a web design firm. Bartelme has one of the most elegantly-designed blogs, and continually creates excellent icon and design work. He’s done design work for the blogging platform Squarespace, as well as the popular software event MacHeist.

Wolfgang has created a tutorial that helps with the complicated task of centering elements with CSS. Centered elements are insanely useful, but are sometimes hard to achieve given the design. Bartelme’s tutorial ensures centered alignment by choosing the right DOCTYPE and making adding his CSS voodoo. The code nothing fancy and gets the job done, and falls directly in line with striving for simplicity in CSS.

10. Utilize text-transform commands - Trenton Moss

Trenton Moss knows web usability. He has his own web usability company that trains people in usability training and web writing. He also writes for sites like Sitepoint. Trenton gives excellent tips based on his experience as a web usability expert.

It’s a simple fact that designs change over time, especially in the way text is displayed on websites. The best thing a web designer can do is plan for the future to make sure that instead of having to manually change the way text is displayed, it’s best to use CSS to change the appearance of the text. Trenton Moss shows us how to achieve this through the use of a simple, underused CSS command called text-transfom.

One of the lesser known, but really useful CSS commands is the text-transform command. Three of the more common values for this rule are: text-transform: uppercase, text-transform: lowercase and text-transform: capitalize. The first rule turns all characters into capital letters, the second turns them all into small letters, and the third makes the first letter of each word a capital letter.

By using CSS to display the appearance of text on the site, it allows for change in the future and keeps things consistent over time.

This command is incredibly useful to help ensure consistency in style across an entire Website, particularly if it has a number of content editors. Say for example your style guide dictates that words in headings must always begin with capital letters. To ensure that this is always the case, use text-transform: capitalize. Even if site editors forget about the capitalisation, their mistake won’t show up on the Website.

While text-transform is a small thing to add to add to a css layout, it can make a world of difference in the future when changes need to be made.

Glen Stansberry is a web developer and blogger who’s struggled more times than he’d wish to admit with CSS. You can read more tips on web development at his blog Web Jackalope.

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15 Spectacular Lightning Images

嘉佑 — Wed, 27 Aug 2008 05:26:19 +0000

Collected by Digital Photography School

Photo by seto_supraenergy

Photo by joe holmes

Photo by Elsie esq.

Photo by http://flickr.com/photos/reutc/278685448/

Photo by Echo9er

Photo by YardSale

Photo by Leorex

Photo by pingnews.com

Photo by wvs

Photo by ChrisStylewalker

Photo by darkmatter

Photo by Shivayanamahohm

Photo by ~Prescott

Photo by Roadsidepictures

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David Thomas: So what Linux applications run on your PC?

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:36:14 +0000

I was thinking about cataloging what applications I use and thought hey time for a blog post. Let me know what you use, as I’m always on the look out for good software or more importantly better tools to do things more efficiently.

Here is my list in no particular order:

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS - My operating system of choice.

Firefox - For all my web surfing needs.

Evolution - Email, Address Book, and Calendaring. Use it to sync my palm too.

Gmail - When I need a web based email. If you use gmail you must try gmail redesigned by globexdesigns you will never go back to the old gmail interface. It’s free and fantastic.

Adobe Air for Linux Alpha - used to run AIR applications TWIRL a great twitter client and Klok a personal time tracker. Do you know of any AIR apps you can’t live without?

WordPress - blogging.

Kompozer - Web authoring.

FileZilla - Cause you need a good FTP client.

Gnome Do - An application launcher and so much more get it and use it.

Open Office - Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Presentations.

Deluge - BitTorrent client.

Envy - Why fight ATI and Nvidia video drives when Alberto Milone has done all the hard work for you.

Ubuntu Tweak - Makes setting up Ubuntu easier.

Screenlets - Sure you can get google gadgets or desklets but I think these look the best. I use weather extended and is_online the most. If I could fine a XM radio player for screenlets oh happy day anyone working on one?

VMware Player - For running virtual machines.

Now this list is in no way complete but for the most part this is what is running on my machine most of the time.

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比特海日志29月11日，字谜

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:36:11 +0000

一次世界性的全运会在春晚舞台上胜利闭幕，接下来让别人去翻字典讨论究竟是“无与伦比”还是“相当独特”还是“无以伦比”吧。

金：51：银：21 铜：28
51+21+28=100

512128+100=512228

5月12日，2：28

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三门问题及相关

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:36:10 +0000

写篇三门问题的终结版。欢迎补充材料。

三门问题，亦称为蒙特霍问题（英文：Monty Hall problem），最初的表述形式：

参赛者会看见三扇关闭了的门，其中一扇的后面有一辆汽车，选中后面有车的那扇门就可以赢得该汽车，而另外两扇门后面则各藏有一只山羊。当参赛者选定了一扇门，但未去开启它的时候，节目主持人开启剩下两扇门的其中一扇，露出其中一只山羊。主持人其后会问参赛者要不要换另一扇仍然关上的门。

问题是：换另一扇门会否增加参赛者赢得汽车的机会率？

很老的问题了，不过在任何时候都能引起激烈的争论，更神奇的是无论直觉派，概率派等都认为自己的答案有道理。维特根斯坦认为世界上多数问题归根结底都是语言问题。三门问题的争论其实也是语义上的。正确答案应该是

如果主持人事先知道哪个门里有山羊并且他特意选择了有山羊的门打开了，那么参赛者应该换另一扇门，这可以将他胜利的概率从1/3升到2/3。
如果主持人事先不知道哪个门里有山羊或者他只是随机的选择了一个门，但事实发现里面恰好是山羊。这时候参赛者没有换门的必要，胜利概率总是1/2。

上面答案中的假设条件并没有在问题中明确指出，从而导致这个问题的巨大争议。所以最后的问题“官方”表述将问题严格确定下来(来源：三门问题@wikipedia)：

参赛者在三扇门中挑选一扇。他并不知道内里有什么。

主持人知道每扇门后面有什么。

主持人必须开启剩下的其中一扇门，并且必须提供换门的机会。

主持人永远都会挑一扇有山羊的门。

如果参赛者挑了一扇有山羊的门，主持人必须挑另一扇有山羊的门。

如果参赛者挑了一扇有汽车的门，主持人随机在另外两扇门中挑一扇有山羊的门。

参赛者会被问是否保持他的原来选择，还是转而选择剩下的那一道门。

这时候问题被限制在答案的第一种情况，这时候参赛者总是应该选择换一个门。

要正确理解三门问题，可以再看两个三门问题的翻版：

女孩的概率

1. 你结交一位新朋友，问她是否有孩子。她说有，有两个。你问，有女孩吗？她说有。那么，两个都是女孩的概率是多少？

答：三分之一。

因为生两个孩子的可能性有四种等可能：BB、GG、BG、GB（即男男、女女、男女、女男）。因为我们已知至少有一个女儿，所以BB是不可能的。因此GG是可能出现的三个等可能的结果之一，所以两个孩子都是女儿的概率为三分之一。

这对应了三门问题的第一种情况。

2. 你结交一位新朋友，问她是否有孩子。她说有，有两个。你问，有女孩吗？她说有。第二天，你看见她带了一个小女孩。你问她，这是你女儿吗？她说，是。她的两个孩子都是女孩的概率是多少？

答：二分之一。

这似乎非常奇怪，因为我们所拥有的信息看起来并不比第一种情况时多，但概率却不同。但是这里的问题其实是，那个你没见过的孩子是女孩的概率是多少？这个概率和生女孩的概率相同，二分之一。

这对应了三门问题的第二种情况。当然这里也有语言问题，必须假定这位母亲不是特定带出一个小女孩来给你看的。也就是说你只是碰巧发现了它是位小女孩。

你得到的答案依赖于所讲的故事；它依赖于你是如何得知至少一个孩子是女孩的。

三囚犯问题

亚当、比尔和查尔斯被关在一个监狱里，只有监狱看守知道谁会被判死刑，另外两位将会获释。有1／3的概率会被处死刑的亚当，给他母亲写了一封信，想要获释的比尔或查尔斯帮忙代寄。当亚当问看守他应当把他的信交给比尔还是查尔斯时，这位富有同情心的看守很为难。他认为如果他把将要获释的人的名字告诉亚当，那么亚当就会有1／2的概率被判死刑，因为剩下的人和亚当这两人中一定有一个人被处死。如果他隐瞒这信息，亚当被处死的概率是1／3。既然亚当知道其他两人中必有一人会获释，那么亚当自己被处死的概率怎么可能会因为看守告诉他其他两人中被获释者的姓名后而改变呢？

正确的答案是：看守不用当心，因为即使把获释人的姓名告诉亚当，亚当被处死的概率仍然是1／3，没有改变。但是，剩下的那位没被点名的人就有2／3的概率被处死（被处死的可能性升高了）。

这位看守显然很有趣。对他来说，这三个人死不死的概率是不变的：1、0、0。有一个必死，两个必活。

我们旁观者认为亚当会死的概率是1/3,那是因为监狱里有3个人，会死1个。现在看守说出一个名字后，我们旁观的人知道是2个里面死1个，亚当在内，则亚当会死的概率上升到1/2。凭什么说在旁观者看来，亚当会死的概率不上升？

以上两问题均出自《随机性》，美国 Bennett D.J.著，吉林人民出版社，2001年。

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跟我一起做奥运中国风效果

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:36:06 +0000

（文章来自电脑报2008年第32期F版）

　中国元素之一：照片变水墨效果

image018.jpg (47.4 KB)

2008-8-20 10:33

　开幕式的画卷中我们看到了漂亮的水墨画，在PS中使用滤镜和混合模式，可以让自己的照片也带有浓郁中国特色的水墨画效果。

水墨画的制作流程

步骤1：选择具有中国画风格倾向的荷花素材制作水墨效果。

image011.jpg (17.48 KB)

2008-8-20 10:33

图1

　　首先要选择合适的荷花照片，制作数码水墨画效果选图很重要，它必须能溶入水墨中国画的三个基本要素：单纯性、象征性、自然性。水墨画主要以墨为主，然后以墨的浓淡干湿达到一种特有的绘画效果，为了不破坏原始照片效果，可以将背景图层复制一个新图层。按下键盘上的快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制背景图层为“图层1”，为了便于后面操作可将图层重命名为“黑白效果”图层。

步骤2：接着把荷花处理为黑白色调。

　　执行菜单“图像→调整→去色”命令把“黑白效果”图层做去色处理，由于水墨画以墨为主要塑形手段，所以去除颜色才能更好地进行模拟。

更多报纸文章请点击文章列表页面：http://www.shudoo.com/newslist.html

本期素材和所涉及的软件请访问：http://www.shudoo.com/ps

步骤3：制作晕染效果。

image012.jpg (14.79 KB)

2008-8-20 10:35

图2

　　选择“黑白效果”图层，执行菜单“滤镜→模糊→方框模糊”命令把“黑白效果”图层做模糊处理。方框模糊模式是Adobe Photoshop CS2的新增功能，它不同于老版本的那种平均模糊样式，具有晕染的味道。具体设置如图2所示，把鼠标光标放置在显示框中光标变为小手，这样我们可以来回拖移观看模糊效果，效果满意后按下确定按钮即可。
步骤4：制作湿笔晕墨效果。

image013.jpg (15.84 KB)

2008-8-20 10:35

图3

　　选择“黑白效果”图层，执行菜单“滤镜→画笔描边→喷溅”命令把“黑白效果”图层做湿笔晕墨效果。调整“喷色半径”和“平滑度”数值，调整满意后按下确定按钮。

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步骤5：制作勾勒线条。

image014.jpg (21.34 KB)

2008-8-20 10:37

图4

　　如果能找到一副真正的荷花水墨画仔细观察，就会发现并不是所有的画面都是大面积的墨构成的，比如花瓣部分应该使用线条勾勒，以获得强烈的虚实对比。

　　下面就来制作这样的线条让水墨画效果变的更为真实自然。将最初彩色背景图层进行复制并变为黑白效果，形成的黑白新图层重新命名为“轮廓线”。并将该图层放置在“黑白效果”图层的上面。选择“轮廓线”图层，在制作之前一定要先在工具箱中设置前景色为黑色，背景色为白色，执行菜单“滤镜→素描→影印”命令，这里设置细节为“3”，暗度为“10”，观察左边显示窗口可以看到照片变为线描效果。调整满意后按下确定按钮。

image015.jpg (19.28 KB)

2008-8-20 10:37

图5

　　调整图层混合模式，选择“轮廓线”图层，将图层混合模式设置为“线性加深”，增加了轮廓线后主题更突出了。

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步骤6：调整明暗层次。

image016.jpg (27.04 KB)

2008-8-20 10:41

图6

　　增加层次感，选择“黑白效果”图层，按下键盘上的快捷键“Ctrl+L”调整色阶，在弹出的色阶对话框中把左边的黑色三角滑块向右拖移，把右边的白色三角滑块向左拖移，中间的灰色三角滑块也向左拖移，参考数值分别为“9”、
“1..22”、“209”（如果素材不同，则应根据素材调整，目的是使画面的更明快，更简洁）。调整满意后按下确定按钮。

步骤7：为荷花渲染色彩

图7

　　为花上色，选择“黑白效果”图层后，单击图层调板下面的“添加图层蒙版”图标为该图层添加图层蒙版，然后设置前景色为黑色，在工具箱中选择画笔工具，在上面的选项栏中选择合适的柔角画笔，在蒙版中进行涂抹，在蒙版中把荷花涂抹成黑色后就看到下面彩色照片中的花的色彩就显示出来了。

　　采用图层蒙版的好处就是对不满意的部分可以随时进行调整，这是一种非破坏性的调整手段，不但修改起来非常方便，而且制作出来的颜色也很自然，对有些色彩感不是很敏感的朋友来说非常方便。

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步骤8：渲染其他部分并做整体调整。

image017.jpg (24.07 KB)

2008-8-20 10:44

图8

　　最后可以对整体画面做调整，比如背景部分，可以适当简化背景，方法可以是在“黑白图层”上用画笔工具进行涂抹，涂抹的时候一定要兼顾画面的层次感和空间感，比如前面都是比较深的浓墨，中间可以是稍淡一些的墨，最后面以及左上角部分可以趋向白色的浅色墨。

　　最后要说的是，中国水墨画讲究诗书画合璧，应当选择一种合适的书法字体，最好使用行书或行草为画面加上相应的诗，这样更符合水墨画这种形式，也有助于提升画面的意境。注意诗的位置和大小要符合章法，使整个画面保持均衡。最后加上红色的印章以协调画面和丰富色彩，整个作品就完成了。

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荷花仕女图》的制作

　　《荷花仕女图》以仕女为主体而莲花为衬托，画面要有层次而不单调，近景、中景、远景格成画面的律动，计白当黑、以虚衬实，酣畅淋漓，工笔兼写意，雅致而抒情。

　　这幅《荷花仕女图》的制作过程是：以上面处理的墨荷效果图为蓝本并扩展为竖幅构图，使用古装美女素材为其加上主题，古装美女素材最好也进行一些合适的处理，使之更接近工笔画，在这里笔者使用了Photoshop的外挂插件Topaz Vivacity（读者可使用搜索引擎在互联网上查找并下载安装），这个插件能强调人物的边缘部分，并使人物更柔和接近于工笔画效果，如果再复制一个图层配合Photoshop中的“表面模糊”滤镜提取人物边缘线并以“正片叠底”的图层模式进行混合，效果更接近工笔画。笔者最后在背景部分使用了一些荷花素材处理后做为远景，加上诗句和印章，完成了这幅工兼写的数码中国画作品。

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fedora9安装后完全配置攻略

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:35:39 +0000

第一步：升级系统方案
1，打开终端输入：

＃ yum -y install yumex

＃ rpm -ivh http://livna-dl.reloumirrors. net/fedora/9/i386/livna- release-9-1.noarch.rpm
＃ rpm -ivh http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/ freshrpms/fedora/linux/9/ freshrpms-release/freshrpms- release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm
＃ yum install yum-fastestmirror

完成这4条命令，你的系统将以最新，最快，最简便的方式更新

说明：yumex是yum的图形界面，安装的两个rpm包是yum的第三方源，yum-fastestmirror是yum的加
速软件，有人问yum是什么，yum是fedora下的一种安装软件更新软件方式，非常好用，fedora9下就是
用这种方式来安装软件的，除了特殊的软件，如锐捷客户端，基本上yum包括了所有的软件，而这些软
件靠yum源来提供，上面装的两个rpm包就是对yum源的扩展。
——————————————————————————————————————————————
第二步：flsah插件
在官方网站下载flashplayer9.0的rpm包地址是
http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash
打开终端输入：

# cd 下载
# rpm -ivh flash-plugin-9.0.124.0-release.i386.rpm

flashplayer就安装好了，但是没有声音怎么办，少了flash的库文件
不要急打开终端输入：

# yum install libflashsupport

或者用yumex安装，打开yumex查找所有软件搜索libflashsupport在它前面打勾，然后执行操作
现在flash是不是有声音了，好了flash问题解决了
——————————————————————————————————————————————
第三步：QQ聊天工具
大家上网后的第一件事情恐怕就是登录QQ了，fedora9自带的pidgin就能登录QQ，

选好QQ后填上帐号密码就行了，不好看？可以试试腾讯最近发布的qq for linux，下载地址：
http://im.qq.com/qq/linux/download.shtml
选折rpm包，然后打开终端输入：

# cd 下载
# rpm -ivh linuxqq-1.0-Preview1.i386.rpm

这样官方的QQ就装好了，不过，功能简陋，想传文件发截图怎么办，这就安装eva qq了，linux下功能最
强的qq，不过貌似不再更新了，期待官方的QQ越来越完善，怎么装eva呢，完成yum源的设置可以直接
在终端输入：

＃ yum install eva

如果你的没有那么你下一个eva的fc9版的rpm包然后rpm安装，什么？你想跟windows的一模一样？，
那就用wine吧，关于wine的问题暂时不涉及。
——————————————————————————————————————————————
——————————————————————————————————————————————
（未完待续。。。）

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世界上最长寿的老人

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:35:17 +0000

印度老人Habib Mian 出生于1870年5月28日到今年一共活了138年，

后来，他死了(8月19日)。链接，来源，以下是图：

… 猛击这里参与该话题的热烈讨论，目前已有39人登录火星 »

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Send Beijing a Message

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:35:03 +0000

今天发现了一个有趣的 Web 2.0 应用，Send Beijing a Message，也不知道是谁做的。不过当前奥运期间，倒是和 #080808 一样，一个很“和”的 Web 2.0 Toy。

Send Beijing a Message 也是个创意很不错的应用。它建立在 Twitter API 的基础之上，您只需要将想对北京说的话，在 Twitter 上以 @sendbeijing 的方式提交上来，过不了几分钟就会在 Send Beijing A Message 上显示出来了。Send Beijing a Message 的首页用了很多 JS 特效，能显示出留言者的国旗和国家位置，效果也蛮酷的。

当然，如果你也想给北京留个信儿，不妨参考一下具体方法，然后亲自试试。随说这种应用貌似实现起来没什么难度，但我个人更喜欢它的创意。尤其是对于 Twitter 应用，玩到现在都快玩烂了，还能想出这样的创意，确实非常的不错。

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18 Tools to Turn Firefox 3 into a Communications Portal

嘉佑 — Tue, 26 Aug 2008 11:34:50 +0000

Firefox can be made into so much more than just a browser via its huge extension base. Yes, this means you can replace some of your instant messenger, chat and microblogging needs by adding just a few extensions. Here are 18 tools that will let you turn your Firefox 3 browser into a communications portal.

Whenever we discuss numerous Firefox add-ons, we like to remind you that we do not recommend you install ALL of them unless you like your browser slowing down.

Messaging

ChatZilla! - In a time before instant messengers exploded in popularity, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was all the rage, and it is still quite popular. This extension will add an IRC client to your browser so you don’t have to open a separate program.

Gabbly Chat Sidebar - A sidebar client for Gabbly chats hosted on any Web page or community.

Google Talk - Allows you to add Google Talk integration to your browser.

GTalk Sidebar - This sidebar extension allows you to use Google Talk in your window without having to stay on GMail all the time. It also lets you save yourself the effort of installing the stand alone GTalk application for your desktop.

Meebo - Adds integrated instant messaging via the Meebo system inside of your browser. In the sidebar you can see which buddies are online, as well as which system they are using, and when need be, you can drag links and images over to them. You can learn more about Meebo in this episode of Mashable Conversations.

SamePlace - Works in Firefox, Flock and Thunderbird to give you the ability to chat with your contacts on AIM, GTalk, ICQ, Jabber, MSN, Twitter and Yahoo.

SMS Sidebar - This extensions gives you the ability to send SMS messages to just about any phone in the world. It does cost money after the first 50 text messages, but seems to be reasonably priced and offers numerous features.

WataCrackaz AutoSMS - Allows free two-way SMS text messaging to phones all around the world and actually allows you to receive replies.

Yaplet - Adds the Yaplet chat system to your sidebar so you no longer have to switch tabs while you chat and can continue to surf as you talk.

Yoono - The Yoono sidebar can be updated with widgets for all major instant messengers.

Microblogging

FirePownce - An official extension from Pownce that allows you to update your account via a button added to Firefox.

Fownce -Allows you to post the current URL you are viewing to Pownce or just post a general update to your account.

Mahalo Share - Lets you recommend a page across numerous services, including Pownce and Twitter.

Shareaholic.com - Lets you update numerous services from one handy plugin, including Pownce and Twitter.

Twitkit - Highly customizable Twitter application that allows you to choose colors, look up your account information, manage your followers and more.

TwitterBar - An interesting extension for Firefox that allows you to use the browser’s address bat to also send Tweets to your account on Twitter.

TwittyTunes - Feel a burning desire to tell Twitter what you are listening to via FoxyTunes? This extension will solve your dilemma.

Twitzer - Twitzer is not a Twitter client, but a tool to help you get more than the 140 characters into that little box.

—
Related Articles at Mashable! - The Social Networking Blog:

400 Million Firefox Downloads
Firefox Campus Edition Launches
Save the Date for the New Communications Forum 2008
Baidu Gets Firefox Deal in China
Firefox 2 Security Fixes Released
Mozilla: Would You Like a Virus With That Add-on?
Firefox Now Officially Hates Me

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跟我一起做奥运中国风效果

（文章来自电脑报2008年第32期F版） 中国元素之一：照片变水墨效果

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Messaging

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（文章来自电脑报2008年第32期F版）

　中国元素之一：照片变水墨效果